LoRa Video Streaming in Rural Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

A LoRa Video Streaming enabled Rural Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (RWMSN) integrates low-power LoRa telemetry with visual monitoring to provide environmental sensing and situational awareness in remote areas. The system uses an Arduino-based sensor node to read environmental parameters (temperature/humidity via DHT11, air-quality via MQ-135) and display status on an LCD; sensor telemetry and alerts are sent over LoRa to a base station. An ESP32-CAM node provides visual monitoring: it either streams live video over Wi-Fi where infrastructure is available, or captures periodic compressed images and transfers them as fragmented packets over LoRa when only long-range, low-bandwidth connectivity exists. A buzzer provides local audible alerts under abnormal conditions and a reliable power subsystem supplies all nodes. The proposed prototype demonstrates a practical compromise between LoRa’s long range/low power benefits and the bandwidth demands of multimedia, combining continuous sensor telemetry with low-frame-rate or snapshot-based visual updates for effective rural monitoring and alerting.