Design and simulation of 4 kW solar power-based hybrid EV charging station

The increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) requires efficient, reliable, and sustainable charging infrastructure. This project presents the design and simulation of a 4 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) based hybrid electric vehicle charging station integrated with a battery energy storage system and grid support to ensure continuous and efficient EV charging. The solar PV system acts as the primary energy source, while the battery and grid serve as backup sources during low solar generation or high load demand. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller using the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is implemented to extract maximum power from the PV system and improve overall efficiency. A bidirectional buck–boost converter enables efficient power transfer between the PV system, battery, grid, and EV through a common DC bus, ensuring proper power management. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to analyze its performance under different operating modes such as PV charging, battery charging, grid charging, and power export to the grid. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid charging station provides stable voltage, efficient power transfer, and uninterrupted EV charging under varying environmental and load conditions. This system reduces dependency on fossil fuels, minimizes grid stress, and promotes the use of renewable energy, contributing to the development of sustainable and intelligent EV charging infrastructure.

Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic (PV), Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station, Hybrid Charging System, Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Perturb and Observe (P&O) Algorithm, Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter, Grid Integration, DC Bus, MATLAB/Simulink Simulation, Renewable Energy Integration, Power Management System.