design and implementation of a Hybrid Ring Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO)

Oscillator circuits generate precise and reliable clock signals, essential for applications ranging from simple wristwatches to complex satellite systems, particularly in long-distance communication. These circuits can be built using either passive or active components, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. In the current era of mobile communication, the emphasis is on interoperability and low power consumption, driving the need for compact, battery-powered electronics. VLSI-based ring oscillators have emerged as an ideal solution due to their power efficiency, compactness, and wide tuning range. This paper presents a novel CMOS ring oscillator designed to function as a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The proposed architecture combines the benefits of a current-starved ring achieving optimized control and supply voltages while producing a dominant frequency with minimal harmonic distortion. By carefully selecting passive components, this design is well-suited for 5G applications that require high frequency and low power consumption.

Key words: - VLSI; 5G; CMOS; Ring Oscillator; VCO; Mobile Communication.